ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: The COVID 19 pandemic have affected the patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction as the number of patients presenting with STEMI declined substantially and those who underwent primary PCI had poor outcome. Our aim was to analyze the in-hospital and 30-days mortality in STEMI undergoing Primary PCI during second wave of COVID 19. Method(s): A prospective cohort study was conducted at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Bansbari, Kathmandu. Convenience sampling of patients who underwent primary PCI were enrolled in this study and were followed up for 30 days. Numerical variables were described as Mean +/- Standard Deviation (SD) and categorical variables were described as frequency and percentage. p values were calculated and considered significant if < 0.05. Result(s): During this study period of 2 months from 1st May 2021 to 30th June 2021, 97 patients with STEMI underwent primary PCI, including 12 (12.47%) COVID 19 positive cases. 30 days mortality was 15.4% including in-hospital mortality of 11.34%. Among COVID 19 positive cases, in-hospital mortality was 33.33% and 30-days mortality was 55.55% which was significantly higher than non COVID 19 patient who underwent primary PCI (P=0.003). Conclusion(s): Overall, mortality rate of primary PCI during COVID 19 second wave has been increased and mortality of COVID 19 positive patients who underwent primary PCI was significantly higher than non-COVID 19 patients who underwent primary PCI. Copyright © 2022 Cardiac Society of Nepal. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate the power system scenario in ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and various challenges being faced by the different stakeholders and individuals who are involved to manage the cause. It investigates how this sector responded to other sectors availing essential services like healthcare, security, data center, etc., during health crisis situation. In order to categorize the impact, region-wise detection of COVID-19 cases for the whole nation has been analyzed for developing the geoprocessing map model using advance technology like Q-GIS 2.18.0. Author also tries to examine some of the major challenges and disruptions faced on supply chain to new and ongoing renewable energy projects particularly solar, wind and hydropower projects in India. Moreover, this paper also tries to investigate first ever 9 min “Light off Event” in India, discussed some of its major consequences that could arise if not handled properly. The role of Power System Operation Corporation Limited (POSOCO) during the event in retaining the grid frequency and grid voltage profile within their recommended band has also been discussed. This unprecedented event has been studied and analyzed by taking case study on Sikkim, India and explores the different challenges being faced at state level to manage smooth operation of power supply system. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Cardiovascular comorbidities are common in patients with COVID-19 and these patients are at higher risk of morbidity and mortality. It is not known if the presence of cardiovascular co-morbid conditions poses independent risk or whether this is mediated by other factors. Methods: This is a retrospective follow up study done at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre (SGNHC). The main objective of this study was to study the clinical profile, baseline comorbidities, and outcome of cardiac patients and health care worker diagnosed with COVID 19. This study retrospectively evaluated case records of all cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients admitted at SGNHC with COVID 19 cases from 1st case diagnosed on July at SGNHC till September 2020. Results: During this study period, 90 patients with COVID 19 with cardiovascular disease were admitted. The mean age of the study population was 52.3±19 years with 65.6% being male. Among the study population 52 (57.8%) had past history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension in 18 (20%) cases, diabetes in 8 (8.9%) cases. Among the patients with cardiovascular diagnosis, acute coronary syndrome was most common cardiovascular diagnosis in 23 (25.6% cases) followed by rheumatic heart disease in 21 (23.4%) cases, dilated cardiomyopathy in 7 (7.8% cases), ischemic cardiomyopathy with reduced ejection fraction (EF) in 7 (7.8%) cases, post coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in 8 (8.9%), post valve replacement in 5 (5.5%), congenital heart disease in 3.3% cases and complete heart block in 3.3% cases. Most of the cases were symptomatic with moderate illness in 46.7% cases, mild illness in 41.4% cases and severe/critical illness in 11.1% cases. Among COVID patients with cardiovascular disease, the mortality was 11.1%. Conclusion: Patients with cardiovascular disease with COVID 19 have more severe COVID 19 symptoms and has higher COVID 19 related death, so strict vigilance and early intervention is needed to improve its outcome.